Cystitis

Cystitis is quite common among women, and it means an inflammation of the bladder and the urethra (the tube that takes urine from the bladder). It is unusual for men or children to have cystitis, and they should see a doctor if they do.

It is often caused by germs from the anus getting into the vagina and up the urethra. This can happen during sex, using tampons or wiping from back to front after going to the toilet.

Vigorous sexual activity or wearing very tight jeans might cause slight damage to your body and this can cause cystitis. Some women also have a reaction to things like scented soaps or vaginal deodorants.

‘Holding on too long’ before passing urine keeps germs in the bladder, and tight trousers or nylon underwear create the warm, moist conditions that germs love.

Cystitis can make you feel you really need to pass urine often, but only a small amount comes out. You may also have a burning or stinging feeling when you do pass urine.

Sometimes the urine may be cloudy, strong-smelling or have blood in it. Other symptoms are aching in the lower back or abdomen and feeling feverish. Antibiotics may be required to clear the infection.

It’s not always possible to know exactly what causes cystitis, but there are certain things you can do to help prevent it. Drink plenty of water (about 4 pints a day) to keep germs flushed out. Go to the toilet when you feel like it, and always wipe front to back. Avoid tight trousers and nylon underwear, and scented soaps, bubble baths or vaginal deodorants.

Also, cut down any food or drink that you think might make your cystitis worse, like tea, coffee, alcohol and spicy food. If cystitis comes on after sex: wash your genital area and hands before sex, and try passing urine after (to help flush out any germs). Use a water-based lubricant if your vagina feels dry during sex.

Although cystitis is not sexually transmitted, you should always practice safer sex. This means using condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex. Around 1 in 3 women will experience cystitis at some point in their lives.